Citrobacter freundii strain UMH14

Citrobacter freundii strain UMH14 is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium characterized as a facultative anaerobe with true flagella. This strain has been found in diverse habitats, including hospital sewage, intestinal tracts, various sewage systems, soil, and surface waters. Its broad distribution suggests a significant ecological role in both natural and anthropogenic environments. The strain has a single replicon and is associated with multiple hosts, including Homo sapiens, various metazoans, and domesticated animals such as dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus). It is also found in aquatic species like tilapia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and cyprinids, indicating its adaptability across different ecological niches. Citrobacter freundii is known for its role as an opportunistic pathogen, leading to infections in humans and animals. It is implicated in urinary and respiratory tract infections in humans, as well as respiratory tract and wound infections in horses and dogs. Cats can also experience pleuritis and urinary tract infections associated with this bacterium. These health effects highlight its potential to impact both veterinary and human health, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with pre-existing conditions. The presence of Citrobacter freundii strain UMH14 in hospital sewage underscores its relevance in healthcare settings, where it may pose risks of nosocomial infections. Furthermore, its ability to thrive in various environments and hosts reflects its ecological versatility, making it an important bacterium for studying microbial dynamics in both clinical and environmental contexts.