Citrobacter freundii strain CF_324

Citrobacter freundii strain CF_324 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is classified as a facultative anaerobe, indicating its ability to thrive in both aerobic and anaerobic environments. This strain has been identified in diverse habitats, including hospital sewage, the intestinal tract, various sewage systems, soil, and surface waters, demonstrating its versatility and adaptability in different ecological niches. The bacterium possesses true flagella, which facilitate motility, potentially aiding its colonization in various environments. Notably, strain CF_324 has three replicons, which may contribute to its genetic diversity and adaptability. It has been associated with a wide range of hosts, including humans (Homo sapiens), various metazoan species, domestic animals such as dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and cats (Felis catus), as well as aquatic species like tilapia and salmon. C. freundii strain CF_324 is recognized for its role as an opportunistic pathogen, capable of causing infections in both humans and animals. In humans, it is linked to urinary and respiratory tract infections, while in animals, it can lead to respiratory tract infections in dogs, pleuritis, and urinary tract infections in cats, as well as respiratory issues in horses. The ecological insight from these traits suggests that C. freundii strain CF_324 plays a significant role in the microbial dynamics of environments associated with humans and animals. Its presence in hospital sewage and its ability to cause infections underscore the importance of monitoring such opportunistic pathogens in healthcare settings and natural habitats to prevent potential outbreaks and maintain public health.