Citrobacter freundii strain 18-1

Citrobacter freundii strain 18-1 is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium characterized as a facultative anaerobe. This strain is notable for its presence in diverse habitats, including hospital sewage, intestinal tracts, sewage systems, soil, and surface waters. It possesses true flagella, which facilitate mobility in various environments. This strain has been identified in a wide range of hosts, including Homo sapiens, various Metazoa, and multiple animal species such as Oryctolagus cuniculus (domestic rabbit), Canis lupus familiaris (domestic dog), and Felis catus (domestic cat). It is also found in aquatic species like Tilapia and Cyprinus carpio, as well as in amphibians and birds, indicating a broad ecological distribution. Citrobacter freundii strain 18-1 is recognized for its potential to cause opportunistic infections. In humans, it has been linked to urinary and respiratory tract infections, as well as infections associated with wounds. In animals, the strain similarly causes respiratory tract infections in dogs, pleuritis and urinary tract infections in cats, and respiratory infections in horses. These health effects highlight the bacterium's role as a pathogen in both humans and animals. The strain is nonsporulating and contains four replicons, which may contribute to its adaptability in various environments. The presence of Citrobacter freundii in diverse ecological niches, coupled with its opportunistic pathogenicity, underscores its significance in both clinical and environmental microbiology. Understanding its distribution and pathogenic potential can aid in managing infections and assessing ecological impacts in both human health and animal care.