Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228

Gram-positiveCocciNon-motileFacultative anaerobe

Kingdom

Bacillati

Phylum

Bacillota

Class

Bacilli

Order

Caryophanales

Family

Staphylococcaceae

Genus

Staphylococcus

Description

Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 is a Gram-positive, cocci-shaped bacterium, categorized as a facultative anaerobe and a chemoheterotroph that thrives in a temperature range of 30-37°C. This microorganism is a common inhabitant of human skin and mucosal surfaces, particularly in areas such as the epidermis, nose, and various body orifices. Its resilient nature allows it to colonize medical devices and prosthetic implants, making it an important player in biofilm formation. As a Gram-positive organism, S. epidermidis retains crystal violet dye, presenting a purple hue under the microscope. Its cocci shape contributes to its ability to form characteristic clusters reminiscent of grapes, which is a hallmark of the Staphylococcus genus. This organism’s facultative anaerobic nature permits it to metabolize energy both in the presence and absence of oxygen, adapting to various environments within the human host. Additionally, as a chemoheterotroph, it derives its energy from organic compounds, which it sources from human tissues and skin flora. Despite being a normal skin commensal, S. epidermidis can act as an opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromised individuals or patients with implanted devices. Its ability to produce a polysaccharide biofilm makes it particularly adept at adhering to surfaces, which can lead to persistent infections. Notably, S. epidermidis is frequently involved in nosocomial infections, especially in patients with indwelling catheters and other foreign body implants. Its genetic adaptability also raises concerns regarding antibiotic resistance, highlighting the need for careful management in clinical settings.

Taxonomy

KingdomBacillati
PhylumBacillota
ClassBacilli
OrderCaryophanales
FamilyStaphylococcaceae
GenusStaphylococcus
SpeciesStaphylococcus epidermidis
StrainATCC 12228

Profile

Physiology
Gram staining propertiesPositive
ShapeCocci
MobilityNo
Flagellar presenceYes
Number of membranes1
Image of Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228
Image source: Wikipedia/Wikimedia
Ecology, Host, and Life Cycle
Oxygen requirementsFacultative anaerobe
Optimal temperature30
Temperature rangeMesophilic
HabitatHostAssociated
Biotic relationshipFree living
Host(s)Not Available
Cell arrangementClusters - Singles
SporulationNonsporulating
Energy sourceNot Available
PathogenicityYes

Genome Summary

Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 plasmid pSE-12228-02,

Gene Summary

Adenine Count

1752 bp

Thymine Count

1440 bp

Guanine Count

865 bp

Cytosine Count

622 bp

Genome Length

4679 bp

Protein-coding Genes

6 genes

Non-Coding Genes

0 genes

# of Chromosomes/Plasmids

7

Genes

NameLocus TagUniProt IDStrand OrientationGene Start/EndProtein Molecular Weight
cdp-glycerol:glycerophosphate glycerophosphotransferaseSE_RS00135Not AvailablePositive33095 - 3536290632.2
gnat family n-acetyltransferaseSE_RS00140Not AvailableNegative35651 - 3614819781.8
duf2871 domain-containing proteinSE_RS00145Not AvailableNegative36816 - 3722615306.3
hypothetical proteinSE_RS00150Not AvailableNegative37389 - 376108484.88
duf1643 domain-containing proteinSE_RS00155Not AvailableNegative37624 - 3812719168.4
duf960 family proteinSE_RS00160Not AvailableNegative38142 - 3845312618.9
saugi family uracil-dna glycosylase inhibitorSE_RS00165Not AvailableNegative38540 - 3889013810.2
d-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase family proteinSE_RS00170O34866Negative39497 - 4018025759.3
penicillin-binding protein pbp4SE_RS00175P08750Positive40406 - 4165047056.0
cassette chromosome recombinase ccrbSE_RS00180P10427Negative42441 - 4406962729.8

Displaying genes 41 – 50 of 2437 in total

Metabolites

639 records
Metabolite IDMetabolite nameStructureCAS number
BASm0000237(R)-4'-phosphopantothenateC9H18NO8PChemical structure of (R)-4'-phosphopantothenateNot available
Average299.2149Da
Monoisotopic299.0770031Da
BASm00002502,5-didehydro-D-gluconateC6H7O7Chemical structure of 2,5-didehydro-D-gluconate53736-12-2
Average191.1156Da
Monoisotopic191.019177578Da
BASm00002512-dehydropantoateC6H9O4Chemical structure of 2-dehydropantoateNot available
Average145.1333Da
Monoisotopic145.050083776Da
BASm00002532-oxopent-4-enoateC5H5O3Chemical structure of 2-oxopent-4-enoateNot available
Average113.093Da
Monoisotopic113.024417601Da
BASm00002603alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanateC24H37O5Chemical structure of 3alpha,7alpha-dihydroxy-12-oxo-5beta-cholanateNot available
Average405.556Da
Monoisotopic405.264647871Da
BASm0000377(S)-malateC4H4O5Chemical structure of (S)-malateNot available
Average132.0716Da
Monoisotopic132.005873238Da
BASm0000387(6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateC20H21N7O6Chemical structure of (6R)-5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolateNot available
Average455.432Da
Monoisotopic455.1564286Da
BASm0000403(S)-acetoinC4H8O2Chemical structure of (S)-acetoinNot available
Average88.1051Da
Monoisotopic88.0524295Da
BASm0000542HgHgChemical structure of HgNot available
Average200.59Da
Monoisotopic201.9706256Da
BASm0000553biphenyl-2,3-diolC12H10O2Chemical structure of biphenyl-2,3-diolNot available
Average186.2066Da
Monoisotopic186.0680796Da

Displaying 1–10 of 639 metabolites

Health Effects

No health effects information available for this bacterium.