Salmonella enterica strain H12

Salmonella enterica strain H12 is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium characterized by its spirilla shape and presence of flagella, although it lacks mobility. This strain is a chemoorganotroph, deriving its energy from organic compounds, and is typically found in host-associated habitats. It has a mesophilic temperature range, with an optimal growth temperature of 37°C. Strain H12 possesses a single replicon and is composed of two membranes. It is free-living and has a diverse range of hosts, including Homo sapiens (humans), Gallus gallus (chickens), various Metazoa, and several plant species such as Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Arabidopsis, and Hordeum vulgare (barley). It is also associated with Sus scrofa (pigs), Mammalia (mammals), Columbidae (pigeons), and Lates niloticus (Nile perch). Health effects associated with Salmonella enterica strain H12 include bacteremia, acute cholecystitis, and various forms of gastroenteritis, including food poisoning and systemic infections. Its pathogenic potential is significant, as it can lead to conditions such as gallbladder empyema and typhoid fever. The ecological insight from this strain is its versatile host range, which highlights its ability to thrive in various environments, including both animal and plant hosts. This adaptability suggests a complex interaction with its ecosystem, potentially influencing food safety and public health concerns related to foodborne illnesses.