Salmonella enterica strain H31

Salmonella enterica strain H31 is a microaerophilic, Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its spirilla shape and the presence of flagella, allowing it to be motile. It is a chemoorganotroph, utilizing organic compounds for energy. The strain is typically found in host-associated environments, indicating its reliance on various hosts for survival and propagation. This pathogen is mesophilic, with an optimal temperature of 37°C, making it well-suited for colonization in warm-blooded hosts, including Homo sapiens (humans) and various animals such as Gallus gallus (chickens) and Sus scrofa (pigs). It possesses a single replicon and is surrounded by two membranes, a characteristic feature of Gram-negative bacteria. Salmonella enterica strain H31 is associated with several health effects, including bacteremia, acute cholecystitis, and various forms of gastroenteritis, including food poisoning. Infections can lead to disseminated disease and systemic infections, highlighting its potential impact on human health and food safety. The strain's ability to infect a wide range of hosts, from mammals to plants, underscores its ecological versatility and suggests a complex interplay within food chains. Its presence in agricultural species such as Solanum lycopersicum (tomatoes) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) points to potential routes of transmission and the importance of food safety measures in preventing salmonellosis. Understanding the biological and ecological dynamics of Salmonella enterica strain H31 is crucial for managing its impacts on public health and agriculture.