Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176

Campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni 81-176 is a gram-negative, spiral-shaped bacterium that thrives optimally at temperatures between 37°C and 42°C. As a chemoheterotroph, it derives energy from organic compounds, while its microaerophilic nature allows it to flourish in environments with reduced oxygen levels, typically around 5% O2 and enriched CO2.This subspecies is primarily found in the intestines of warm-blooded animals, especially poultry, making it a common contaminant in undercooked or raw meat. Its unique spiral shape, along with its motility facilitated by a single polar flagellum, contributes to its ability to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of hosts effectively. The organism is also adapted to survive in diverse environments, including soil and water, which can become reservoirs for transmission to humans.In terms of pathogenicity, Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Upon ingestion, the bacterium can cause severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever, often lasting for several days. Its virulence factors include adhesion molecules and toxins that help it evade the host's immune response and establish infection. Research into Campylobacter jejuni has significant implications for food safety and public health, particularly due to its widespread presence in the food chain. Furthermore, studies on this bacterium have provided insights into its genomic makeup, revealing potential genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance. This knowledge is vital for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.