Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655

Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 is a non-pathogenic, mesophilic, Gram-negative bacterium characterized by its rod-shaped morphology and motility, facilitated by the presence of flagella. This strain typically exists in pairs or as single cells and does not engage in sporulation. It is classified as a facultative anaerobe, capable of thriving in both aerobic and anaerobic environments, and employs a chemoheterotrophic mode of nutrition. Optimal growth for E. coli K-12 MG1655 occurs at a temperature of 37°C, aligning with its habitat in host-associated environments. This strain possesses two cellular membranes, which is characteristic of Gram-negative bacteria, and contains two replicons within its genome. The genome accessions for this strain are NC_000913.3 and U00096.3. E. coli K-12 MG1655 serves as a model organism in microbiological research, particularly in studies of genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry, due to its well-characterized genome and non-pathogenic nature. Its ability to grow in various environments while maintaining a free-living lifestyle underscores its adaptability and significance in microbial ecology and biotechnology.